RO (Reverse Osmosis) system is the most widely used potable water treatment process for removal of impurities such as salts, minerals, and other contaminants. RO membranes are designed with a dense, thin, and semi-permeable layer that allows water molecules to pass through while rejecting dissolved solids and other contaminants. The RO membrane is the heart of the RO plant and plays a critical role in determining the quality and quantity of water produced. The RO membrane operates under high pressure and requires continuous cleaning and maintenance to prevent fouling and scaling. But the major issue that surfaces up in such systems is formation of scales due to the build-up of dissolved minerals and salts on the surface of the RO membrane. What causes formation of scales in RO membranes? The level of hardness salts present in the feed water is the foremost reason. When such feed water passes through the RO membrane, concentration of these salts gets precipitated over the surf...
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